For the Allied powers, the trials were an opportunity both to render judgement on their vanquished foes and to create a legal framework to prosecute war crimes and prohibit the use of aggressive war. For the Japanese leaders on trial, it was their chance to argue that their war had been waged to liberate Asia from Western imperialism and that the court was no more than victors' justice.

For more than two years, the tensions and contradictions of the courtroom could be seen playing out across Asia as the trial unfolded in the crucial early years of the Cold War and the end of the European empires. They have influenced power politics across Asia and the Pacific ever since.